Therapy Unmasked: a Practitioner’s Guide to Working with Neurodivergent Clients

This module introduces the neurodiversity paradigm, exploring how neurological differences like autism and ADHD are natural variations in human experience rather than deficits. It defines key terms—neurodivergent, neurotypical, neurominority—and explains the origins and goals of the neurodiversity movement. The module also outlines core neurodivergent conditions covered in the course (ADHD, autism, executive dysfunction), and introduces crucial concepts like masking and sensory processing disorder. It provides a foundational shift in perspective for therapists, encouraging strength-based, identity-affirming, and inclusive approaches to support.

We explore four core neurodivergent experiences: Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD), spiky profiles, stimming, and alexithymia. It highlights how intense emotional responses to perceived rejection (RSD), uneven developmental profiles (spiky profiles), and the need for stimming are often misunderstood or pathologised. The module advocates for therapeutic environments that affirm neurodivergent identity—supporting emotional regulation, respecting sensory needs, and adapting approaches for those who struggle to identify or express emotions (alexithymia). Through detailed examples, it equips therapists to recognise and respond compassionately to these patterns rather than misinterpreting or suppressing them.

This module explores how traditional therapy often harms neurodivergent clients by expecting neurotypical behaviours. It covers how to adapt approaches like CBT and PCT, honour neurodivergent communication, address sensory trauma, and support clients without requiring them to mask.

This module explores how to support neurodivergent clients by fostering self-esteem, affirming identity, and using non-pathologising, flexible approaches to assessment and therapy. It highlights the importance of validating lived experiences, avoiding rigid or harmful methods, and promoting empowerment from within the client’s neurodivergent identity.

This module explores how to adapt therapeutic techniques—like mindfulness, emotional regulation, social skills training, and sensory support—for neurodivergent clients. It emphasises affirming, accessible, and non-pathologising approaches tailored to the needs of individuals with ADHD, autism, and co-occurring conditions.

Explore the therapist’s role in sustaining inclusive, neurodiversity-affirming practice through cultural humility, intersectional awareness, and lifelong learning. They emphasise the importance of self-reflection, examining bias, and staying responsive to clients’ lived experiences within diverse sociocultural contexts.

We challenge outdated and compliance-based therapy models that prioritise conformity over client wellbeing. It highlights the harm of masking, behavioural suppression, and pathologising natural neurodivergent traits. Instead, it promotes neurodiversity-affirming practice rooted in autonomy, authenticity, and co-created goals that reflect the client's lived experience and values.

This module encourages therapists to advocate, reflect, and educate within their professional environments. It explores the power of affirming language, culturally aware care, and systemic advocacy while equipping therapists to support client self-advocacy and identity development. Emphasis is placed on flexibility, intersectionality, and lifelong learning as key elements in affirming neurodivergent clients.

Module 4.1 of Unmasking Therapy explores how neurodivergent traits—often hidden in public—become more visible at home. It helps families identify misunderstood behaviours like shutdowns, sensory overload, task paralysis, and emotional intensity, and offers practical strategies for support, compassion, and building safe, understanding home environments.

Module 4.2 of the Unmasking Therapy course focuses on adjusting the home environment to meet sensory needs. It offers practical, evidence-based strategies for optimising lighting and sound, helping neurodivergent individuals reduce sensory overwhelm, improve focus, and better self-regulate in daily life.

Neurodivergent individuals often rely on predictable routines to feel safe and reduce anxiety, supported by flexible, sensory-friendly schedules that ease transitions and executive function challenges. Similarly, food experiences involve multiple senses—taste, texture, smell, temperature, colour, and sound—which can cause sensory overload. Respectful, sensory-informed strategies for both routines and dietary needs help build trust, reduce stress, and improve overall wellbeing.

This module explains how creating sensory-friendly environments in schools, workplaces, and clinics helps neurodivergent individuals feel calmer, focus better, and reduce stress and challenging behaviours. It covers practical design tips like dim lighting, quiet areas, and calming tools, showing how these spaces support self-regulation and inclusion without stigma or dependency.

Travelling can be overwhelming for neurodivergent individuals due to intense sensory input, unfamiliar routines, and unpredictable environments. This module explores common travel stressors—such as noise, lighting, and tactile discomfort—and offers practical, neuro-affirming strategies to reduce overwhelm, foster autonomy, and support nervous system regulation before, during, and after the journey.

Travel-related anxiety is common among neurodivergent individuals due to unpredictability, unfamiliar environments, and disrupted routines. This module explores the roots of anticipatory anxiety—such as fear of getting lost, overstimulation, or communication demands—and outlines practical supports to increase predictability, comfort, and emotional safety. Validating concerns, building proactive routines, and co-creating coping strategies transform travel from a stressor into a supported experience.

This module provides practical, affirming strategies to support neurodivergent individuals during travel. From off-peak bookings and personal travel booklets to “first–then” task structuring and opt-out options, it offers tools that reduce sensory and executive overload while promoting agency and emotional regulation. The goal isn’t a perfect trip—it’s a safe, supportive one.

This module introduces foundational concepts in sensory processing as they relate to neurodivergent experiences. It explores the different ways individuals may be hyper- or hypo-sensitive to sensory input, the variability of sensory profiles, and how everyday environments can unknowingly trigger distress. By understanding sensory differences as neurological, not behavioural, we can respond with empathy and create affirming, accessible environments at home, in therapy, and in the workplace.

This module explores how sensory overload manifests across the eight sensory systems within therapeutic settings, and how these responses are often misread. It offers practical strategies for therapists to recognise and support neurodivergent clients experiencing overload—through both individual sensory adaptations and general co-regulation approaches. Developmental differences between children and adults are discussed, with emphasis on masking and emotional burnout in older clients.

We outline how to make therapy spaces sensory-safe and responsive for neurodivergent clients. It explores the eight sensory systems, offering practical environmental and relational adaptations based on current research. Emphasis is placed on consent-based sensory strategies, supporting interoception, and fostering safety through predictable, respectful environments. The module also includes guidance for helping families address sensory needs at home.

This module redefines resilience from a neurodivergent lens, distinguishing it from endurance and exploring how it involves recovery, flexibility, and growth—rather than pushing through distress. It highlights how traditional definitions can be harmful, and instead centres neuro-affirming practices like recognising limits, prioritising regulation, and reframing past coping as adaptive. Practical strategies and examples show how building resilience can sustain healthy effort over time while preventing burnout.

This module equips therapists with strategies to build neurodivergent clients’ resilience through personal profiling, boundary-setting, coping plans, recovery routines, and compassionate reframing of dysregulation. It also explores how adaptation and skill-building work hand-in-hand in affirming, sustainable growth. Therapists are encouraged to shift away from rigid ideas of independence and instead foster agency, energy protection, and self-awareness.

This module explores how therapists can support neurodivergent clients in balancing adaptation with growth by identifying non-negotiable supports, scaffolding skill-building, and fostering authentic self-regulation. It redefines independence as autonomy aligned with personal neurology and promotes the use of external tools, routines, and regulation plans as valid strategies—not as signs of failure or dependence.

This module helps therapists differentiate between mental health diagnoses and neurodivergent traits that are often misinterpreted as anxiety or depression. It explores how executive dysfunction, sensory overload, and masking can mimic symptoms of mental illness, leading to misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment. The module offers strategies for clinical clarity, affirming care, and avoiding deficit-based assumptions in therapy.

This module introduces Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD), a heightened emotional response to perceived rejection or criticism, common in ADHD and autistic individuals. RSD is not a formal diagnosis, but it has real impact on therapeutic relationships. The module helps therapists recognise RSD presentations—such as people-pleasing, withdrawal, or defensiveness—and respond with relational safety, collaborative repair, and psychoeducation. It also outlines how shutdowns are often misread as resistance, when in fact they are nervous system responses to overwhelm, requiring regulation and compassion.

This module explores how internalised ableism impacts identity formation in neurodivergent individuals and how therapy can support the unmasking process with compassion and safety. It reframes traditional goalposts like independence and compliance, focusing instead on authenticity, advocacy, and sustainable wellbeing. Therapists are encouraged to examine their own biases, unlearn deficit-based frameworks, and approach practice with humility, curiosity, and an openness to client-led insight.

This module is a summary of the previous modules. Highlighting important information.